The PM2.5/PM10 ratio quantifies the dominance of fine and coarse particles with consequent impact on health. The ratio could exhibit spatio-temporal variations due to many factors that might vary across the regions. The study considering short- and long-term variations in PM2.5/PM10 ratios based on Central Pollution Control Board data for four diverse stations in Andhra Pradesh infers that high ratios were recorded during \'\'night to early morning\'\' time and winter season. Utmost spatial divergence is also statistically proven between Visakhapatnam and Tirupati as reflected in the highest coefficient of divergence and lowest correlation. The coefficient of variance is low for all stations indicating relatively stable ratios. Meteorological variables are also correlated- Relative humidity had significant positive impact on fine particles and negative influence on coarse particles. Among stations, fine particulate matter is relatively high at Tirupati, while coarse particle mass concentrations are high in Visakhapatnam.

To get an insight into the involvement of endogenous hormones in this adaptive response to Cadmium (Cd) stress, the plant growth, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in hyperaccumulator-Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) were analyzed. The results show that low concentrations (< 5 mg L-1) Cd promoted the relative growth rate (RGR) of seedlings, while inhibited it at higher Cd concentrations (>10 mg L-1), displaying hormetic biphasic dose-response relationships. Less than 10 mg L-1 Cd could be considered as non-toxic and even beneficial, while 50 mg L-1 represents a lethal dose. Mild Cd stress (< 5 mg L-1) stimulated the IAA, GA3 contents and IAA/ABA ratio in leaves, probably responsible for the increase of plant growth; conversely, severe Cd stress (>10 mg L-1) decreased the IAA and GA3 while ABA increased and the IAA/ABA ratio decreased, might be providing a protective role against Cd toxicity. Correlation analysis showed that the plant RGR was positively correlated with IAA, GA3 content and IAA/ABA ratio while negatively correlated with ABA content in L. japonica. Thus, Cd-induced hormesis on plant growth of L. japonica was related to the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones and their balances.

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases constitute one of the main health problems worldwide. The objective of the research consisted of analyzing the development dynamics of adult mosquito populations of the species Ae. aegypti in Villa Clara province, Cuba during the period 2016-2020. The research covered the 13 municipalities of Villa Clara. An observational, descriptive, ecological, retrospective and analytical-statistical (by decision tree/exploratory data analysis) study was conducted. The study was based on the collection of positive samples/number of outbreaks reported in the 13 municipalities of the province, in the different months of the period analyzed, for the mosquito species Ae. aegypti, where each sample point corresponded to the number of specimens collected in one of the years covered, with one of the months of the year in question (12 months), the 13 municipalities, and 9 types of reservoirs. This resulted in 7 020 observations, which constitutes the sample size. The presence of the species under analysis was found in the 13 municipalities of the province, with abundant population densities; on the other hand, the variables with the greatest incidence in the population dynamics were: municipality and type of reservoir, with emphasis on the low tank, as the preferred oviposition and breeding site for this species. It is concluded that Ae. aegypti has a high capacity for adaptation and high ecological plasticity, with a marked correspondence between the ecology and habitat of the species under analysis.

In order to examine the spatial relationships of the number of patients, effective factors in increasing the number of patients should be determined. The information layers of dependent variables and independent variables were plotted in GIS system. In the next stage, ordinary least squares regression and Moran spatial correlation test were used to investigate the significant relationship between the dependent variable and each of the explanatory variables. The results show that the most influential variables on increasing the number of patients are in the first place the urban working population variable and in the second and third place the total population and total working population. The average variable of ambient temperature along with the mentioned variables is an important factor in the release of Covid 19. Because in the study of the average ambient temperature in three periods, it was found that the number of patients has increased with decreasing temperature. Hence, in order to vaccinate the target groups, it is recommended to vaccinate the urban working population in the first stage, and also the observance of health protocols is strongly recommended in areas where the average ambient temperature is lower.

The Anthropocene is a new phase in the development of the planet. The transformations on the\nEarth System that are already visible in terms of droughts, heat waves, dying oceans, unbreathable\nair, wildfires, among other disruptive events that are increased by impact of actions that led to the\ndefinition of the Anthropocene phase, call for a consistent action in all fronts of human activity.\nTo address effectively the climate crisis requires structural changes in our societies to combat\ninequalities and asymmetries among the countries. It is increasingly evident that the deep changes\nthat are needed in order to address these problems cannot be carried out in the context of the\nexisting market economy. The crisis asks for a change in paradigm where the focuses are repairing\nthe Earth System and its ecosystem components and endowing societies with means to combat\ninequalities and being more resilient and sustainable. Historical trends are analysed and local and\nglobal approaches are presented and discussed.

The Feldenkrais Method is an intervention method proven by research to improve balance in older women. This study examined the static and dynamic balance of older women who participated in Feldenkrais classes for more than three years, without a dedicated balance improvement program. Ninety-two independent women over 65 years of age were examined: 34 had participated in Feldenkrais classes for more than three years, 36 had participated in general exercise classes for more than three years, and 22 did not exercise at all. Their static standing balance was measured in six different positions on a Tetrax® device. Their dynamic standing balance was measured when reaching as far forward as they could. The results show no difference in static (P>0.1) and dynamic (P>0.1) balance between women who participated in Feldenkrais classes and the other participants. The study’s conclusion is that due to the importance of this issue, further research is needed. To this end, an interventional study should be conducted in which balance is examined at different time points, as well as daily functions requiring static and dynamic balance.