Data mining is non-trivial extraction of new, implicit, and actionable information from large data sets. It is developing technology which is a result of the expanding utilization of computer databases in order to store and retrieve information effectively. Spam email detection focuses on categorization of emails in different classes i.e. fraudulent (spam) or not. In order to encourage better use of emails and explore business potentials in emailing, different data mining techniques have been applied on email data. The overall objective of this paper is to review the different data mining techniques, which have been used to detect email spam,their comparisons in terms of time, accuracy, scalability and other issues . The review has shown that classification accuracy rate of emails is still an open area of research. This paper ends up with suitable research gaps i.e. various challenges of email spam detection which are required to handle in future research.

In this paper free vibration analysis of rhombic plate with pre-existing central crack has been carried out using finite element method. Mindlin theory of plate is used to investigate the problem. Six boundary conditions at the edges of the plate are considered; simply supported at all edges (SSSS), clamped at all edges (CCCC), free at all edges (FFFF), clamped-simply supported (CSSC), clamped-free (CFFC), clamped-free-simply supported (CSFS). Effect of crack length on natural frequencies of rhombic plate for different skew angles of 15o, 30o, 45o, 60o are analyzed. It is observed that percentage drop in fundamental frequency due to presence of central crack in the rhombic plate increases with the increase in skew angle for CCCC, SSSS and CSSC edge conditions at a given crack ratio (non dimensional crack length). For CFFC, CSFS and FFFF edge conditions, percentage drop in natural frequency of rhombic plate is very small for crack ratio of 0.2 for different skew angles. In case of CFFC edge condition of the rhombic plate, percentage drop in fundamental frequency is within 0.7% for all skew angles and all crack ratio considered. Some results obtained by present method are compared with the published results. Most of the results obtained are novel for rhombic crack plate.

Increasing numbers of universities created an unprecedented need for branding in Turkish Higher Education sector. Universities began to exploit the corporate branding techniques extensively in order to enhance their visibility, to strengthen their existence, to form a favorable reputation among the public and eventually to differentiate themselves from the others. This case study simply attempts to broaden our understanding of university branding by exploring the concept of branding, brand components and brand strategies from the perspectives of the most important decision-makers in a young Turkish foundation university. In order to illustrate how a university creates, demonstrates and delivers its brand ‘promises’ to its target audience in a real-life context, some members of the board of trustees, including the founder who is still active in setting, leading and shaping the branding activities of the university, the president, vice presidents and advisors to the president were interviewed by the use of a semi-structured interview guideline. The data was analyzed by the use of content analysis method. The findings are grouped under four main themes: brand conceptualization, brand components, brand strategies and decision-makers in branding. The results of the study are expected to offer insights to leaders of young universities about establishing and sustaining a strong university brand.

The mental models theory and the mental logic theory are two important theories on human reasoning. Both of them can explain and predict many experimental results and it is necessary to find evidence that enables to check which of them is the correct one. In this paper, an advantage of the mental logic theory over the mental models theory is commented. That advantage refers to the fact that the mental logic theory can offer a better explanation of the underlying internal mental processes involved in reasoning.

Melatonin, the important hormone, produced by the pineal gland, not only adjust circadian rhythm, but also has antioxidant, anti-ageing and immunomodulatory properties. in many other parts of the body, including the eyes, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, skin and lymphocytes. Melatonin influences many cell and can be traced in membrane, cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and nuclear compartments of the cell Melatonin is a potent scavenger of free radicals and exerts direct inhibition of cancer growth.When we compare the thermodynamical values of Melatonin,Seratonin and Tryptophan. These can be seen by looking as theoritical values getting from DFT and HF methods. Melatonin prevents cell damage and important substance for stopping cancer ilness and the experimental datas are suitable with our theoritical values

Nicotine is a substance continuously being discussed as a possible performance enhancing drug. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nicotine on cyclists during the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Healthy young adults (n=18, 11 men in the age of 22.7±2.9 and 7 women in the age of 23.6±1.6) participated in a crossover study in which they were randomly assigned sublingual tablets containing nicotine (4 mg) or a placebo. According to our results, we found consuming nicotine in this form and dose does not improve short-term maximum athletic performance.