The main and most basic requirements of cloud computing are scalability, economy and service responsiveness [1]. Cloud cache proxy helps in achieve these three goals by reducing bandwidth consumption, reducing data transfer cost and reducing user response time. Unfortunately, providing a requested object from a cloud proxy is not guaranteed due to the limitation of the proxy cache size that prevents the cloud proxy from saving all objects in its cache. Thus cloud proxy needs to be equipped with an efficient cache replacement policy to control the provision of enough room inside limited cache spaces on the fly for caching missed objects. In this paper, we present an enhanced cache replacement policy that fits to cloud computing paradigm and integrates significant factors comprehensively. Moreover, the enhanced cache replacement policy adapts to the usage patterns by learning from proxy logs to construct a fast and accurate Naive Bayes classifier that is able to forecast the class of objects, either object to be revisited or not revisited. Moreover, we build a load balanced proxy system framework to evaluate the enhanced cache replacement policy in term of response time. The experimental results indicate that the proposed cache replacement policy attain optimal hit and byte-hit ratios as well.

In account to instability of underwater environment, the reliable data transfers is more sensitive issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) as compare to land based sensor network. Underwater networks are generally designed by traditional sensor nodes and also surface area sinks which can be attached to any onshore control centre.. UWSNs have pulled in a quickly developing interest from researchers amid the last few years. In this paper, a brief survey of various protocols of UWSNs has been discussed. Because of the points of interest of simple employment, self-management, and no necessity for infrastructure, UWSNs can be connected to an extensive variety of aspects, for example naval surveillance, earthquake and tsunami forewarning, environment and seashore remark, and also water polluting of the environment .. UWSNs have different characteristics for example high propagation delay, restricted data transmission, and large error pace considering traditional impulses are widely-used. for communications, instead of radio signals. The overall purpose of this paper is actually to find the characteristics of numerous UWSNs protocols. This paper ends up with suitable research gaps i.e. various challenges of UWSNs which are required to handle in future research on UWSNs.

Diversity of insect species on Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) or alfalfa, a fodder plant, was examined in an experiment field of University of Karachi, Pakistan.. The collection was made through sweep net at fortnightly intervals. The results of the study showed that 36 species of different orders were found from the lucerne agro-ecosystem. Out of thirty six species includes twenty five pests, seven predators and four pollinators. A total number of insects (3153) were collected, Out of 3153 insects, 26.77% were of order Homoptera followed by Hemiptera (23.15%), Thysanoptera (22. 01%), Coleoptera (15.86%), Lepidotera (3.90%), Hymenoptera (2.60%), Embioptera (2.51%), Diptera (2.09%), Orthoptera (1.08%) and Neuroptera (0.03%) percent, respectively. The mean temperature recorded during the study period ranged between 27.62 -31.85°C with relative humidity between 16.50-72.75%. The general species diversity (H), using Shannon-Wiener index was highest in June. General diversity was primarily controlled by equitability. The main focus was to collect, identify and compare the species richness and evenness. This data base will be helpful in future ecological pest management strategies in future.

Abstract\nAim: The Family education promotion in heart failure patients can decrease the mortality rate and also physical, mental, psychological and social limitations of the diseases disabling effects on patients. This study was done to evaluate\nThe effect of Family education and Support on the quality of life and cost of hospital readmissions in congestive heart failure patients\nMethods: This study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. The subjects of the study included 90 of heart failure patients hospitalized in Iran hospital. The data collection method was based on the available hospitalized subjects. The subjects of the study were chosen by randomize sampling and then were divided randomly into two case and control groups. Each group included 45 patients. In addition to the routine educations that were provided for both groups, the case group received an educational package about the disease, drugs, self-care program and life style modification. The education was provided on discharge day and also on 3 month after discharge. A standard questionnaire to assess the quality of life (Sf-36) was completed by both groups on discharge day and 6 months after discharge. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the independent t- test and paired t.\nResults: There was not any significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics, living place, ejection fraction, the class of heart failure, and the\n2\nmean score of 8 dimensions of the quality of life. The mean score of quality of life in the dimensions: physical, limitation in activity as the result of physical problem, energy and fatigue, social performance, physical pain and public well-being in case group was higher than the control group after intervention (p<0.05). The mean score of the quality life dimensions at the beginning of the study, in comparison to 6 months after discharge decreased in the control group and increased in the case group (p<0.01).\nConclusion: Nursing care follow up and educational interventions based on the patient\'s needs and life style modifications in heart failure patients were shown to improve the physical well-being , promote the quality of life and effective in lowering readmissions and\nRefers to physicians.\nKeywords: Family education; quality of life; caring Intervention; heart failure

The primary aim of waste treatment is to mitigate pollution and adverse health effects of untreated waste. The treatment usually processes concentrate impurities and excess biomass in the sludge. Water treatment produces sludge from separation of impurities and chemical coagulation. This paper will discuss sewage waste treatment methods and the pollution caused by different sewage treatment methods. The disposal and processing of this sludge should be an integral part of the overall sewage management process. The paper will analyze health hazards because of agricultural application of sludge, incineration, anaerobic fermentation, composting, and landfilling. The treatment methods include thickening digestion and dewatering. Bio sludge or sludge consists mainly of watering and dewatering phase as an essential requirement for sludge processing. Finally, the paper discusses mitigation measures of sewage sludge as an important component of the overall treatment process. The final products of the water treatment process are sewage sludge and effluent water. The effluent can be disposed of by discharging it into surface waters and Injection of the untreated liquid effluent into groundwater. Placement can also remove the sewage sludge in landfills and incineration.

In this paper to estimate the rotor position in sensorless BLDC motor drive, the method of the ratio functions line by line flux is used. This method, compared to other methods which are evaluated to estimate the rotor position, has low software volume and therefore, its implementation is easy and also manufacturing cost is less. Also this method has an appropriate efficiency in a wide range of speed and estimate the rotor position is independent of speed and rotor frequency. Also in this paper, from two methods Direct Torque Control (DTC) and switching function are used to design sensorless BLDC motor drive. DTC method is one of the most innovative and efficient methods in control of the electrical machine. High speed in response to changes in torque, simplicity of implementation, independence to machine parameters and needs of less computation are the advantages of this method. At the end of this paper, simulation results by using software MATLAB shows good function of sensorless BLDC motors with DTC method than the switching function method.