Sustainable Justice is minted in work is to relate it to eight factors that the literature identifies as preponderant factor of Local Development. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to model the relationships between the factors with respect to the construct. For this purpose, it was identified carbon as the central problem from which citizen opinion spreads agenda demands for conservation of resources, but at the expense of state regulation. This discrepancy is assumed as a scenario in which the freedoms, opportunities, capabilities and responsibilities sustain dialogue, debate and consensus on the public agenda. This paper develops the argument that the Sustainable Justice is a sociopolitical structure that occurs to the exclusion of the market itself, but highly influenced by the issues that are disseminated in the media. In this sense, this paper proposes that the Sustainable Justice is rather observed from the communities and cities suffering the ravages of global warming. This will anticipate scenarios of conflict between authorities and citizens, as well as predict scenarios of discussion, innovation and social entrepreneurship aimed at conservation of nature.

Hippocrates statement that “All disease begins in the gut” has continued to be up to date for more than 2000 years now. The fields like microbiology, neurology and gastroenterology have developed bit by bit over time and noteworthy progress in modern medicine has achieved not solely in their additional trajectories but in their active interactions also. It’s recently become evident that gut microbial flora will greatly influence all aspects of physiology, including gut-brain communication, brain function and behavior. Human beings are living in a microbial world, being coevolved with the microbiota-the gazillions of microbes including bacteria, archae, fungi and viruses that reside within their bodies & especially in the intestines. The role of microorganisms in making up the intestinal flora can be recognized as useful, pathogenic or neutral for the host. The consequences of the gut microbiota on the immune system, brain development and behavior have attracted much heed in recent years. Over 90% of more than 4,000 articles on microbiota were published in PubMed within the last five years. The enteric microbiota and its metabolites modulate the gastrointestinal (GI) functions by their ability to influence the gut permeability, mucosal immune function, intestinal motility and sensitivity and also the activity of enteric nervous system (ENS). Alteration in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) arises as a result of gastrointestinal disease or its treatment. All of the major disorders of the gut, particularly inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and coeliac disease are associated with dysbiosis. The aim of this review is to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of the gut-brain axis showing the possible impact of the gut microbiota on depression. It’ll also discuss the recent progress in specific mechanisms of interaction between gut microbiota and brain, with focus on the effect of psychological stress.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to enveloped viruses group with positive sense single strand RNA genome. In human host respiratory infections are caused by only six known coronaviruses in which more severe outbreaks were caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In December 2019 a new strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was emerged in sea food and live stock market of Wuhan China. This newly emerged virus previously known is involved in causing mild to severe respiratory illness (COVID-19). Disease transmission occurs through contact or inhaling contaminated respiratory droplets of infected person. Sometimes person remain asymptomatic and may spread virus to others via respiratory droplets. The incubation period of disease ranges from 2 to 14 days. Current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is pandemic which is widely distributed throughout the world. Prominent symptoms of disease include fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and tiredness. This review finding covers the current scenario of disease transmission, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis procedures, treatment strategies and disease prevention. COVID-19 is threat to public health due to its fast spread across the world. Most specific diagnostic tools used for COVID-19 are molecular detection of viral genome through RT-PCR, digital and advanced sequencing technologies and lungs CT images. Currently no antiviral drugs or vaccines are approved by FDA but use of some drugs like remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychlroquine, ritonavir/Lopinavir, corticosteroids and immunoglobulin products have shown good results. It is necessary to identify and isolate confirmed and suspected cases to further limit the disease transmission to others.

Purpose: To explore the lived experiences of Taiwanese disabled elderly newly admitted to institutions. Method: A descriptive phenomenological method was used. Results: Colaizzi�s method analysis of 15 participant interviews revealed 6 themes: living here is a last resort, I don�t like it but still have to live here, my needs are not understood, looking forward to emotional support, practicing the way of survival, and trying to make myself better. The elderly admitted to the institution as they or their family members could not take care of themselves due to their disability. They explained their new life in the institution was like a prison, it was not easy for their needs to be understood. They used self-adjustment and established relationships with institutional caregivers, in order to live a stable life. They lived their lives with silence and alertness to practice the way of survival. They strived to make themselves better through doing rehabilitation, taking good care of their bodies, and finding their focus and value of life. Conclusions: It�s important to pay attentions to the care needs as well as life adjustment problems for the newly disabled elderly residents to assist them to open up new life experiences in the institutions.

We challenge Habermas\' skeptical approach of animal rights as impossible to justify by means of the practical discourse ethics. Modern philosophical arguments (e.g., of Spinoza, Kant, Schopenhauer, Foot, Thompson, Korsgaard, Nussbaum, Mendieta) were revisited to construct a basic argument on animals as incorporating right to have rights. Then Habermas\' \'anthropocentric\' concept of discursive justification of rights was challenged and opened for animal rights\' articulation and justification.

There are many sophisticated instrumental methods available to detect metal ions in the environment; it is more desirable to perform on-site real-time detection of the metal in the environment. Therefore, the development of biosensors\' for the on-site detection of metal ions is an increasing interest among researchers. DNA has been known as the reservoir of genetic information, and DNA has been least used to develop biosensors. But the discovery of DNA enzyme (DNAzyme) revolutionized metal detection via biomolecules. DNA is highly stable, easily synthesized, cost-effective, and DNA can be easily modified to alter its functions compared to other biomolecules. These DNAzymes are capable of detecting metal ions via their catalytic activity with high selectivity. Incorporating the fluorophore into the DNAzyme to make them fluorescence creates a new platform to develop novel biosensors. Recently, the utilization of the DNAzymes to detect metal ions in the environment has shifted towards the intracellular sensing and imaging of the metal ions, theranostic applications, and microorganisms\' detection due to its unique properties. In this review, we are focus on the critical analysis of the functional nucleic acids, in-vitro selection, isolated metal-specific DNAzymes that correspond to the development of biosensors from the early \'90s to the present. Furthermore, the significance of fluorescence incorporation to DNA, a detailed summary of fluorescence-based DNAzyme sensors, and how different types of fluorescence techniques such as fluorescence anisotropy, two-photon (TP) fluorescence are utilized in the development of biosensors, and applications of the DNAzyme in various fields are critically analyzed.

Codon usage effects the efficient expression of Human Immuno-deficient Virus (HIV) genes. Poorly expressed proteins expression could be modified using codon re-engineering in the host. The bias nucleotide composition of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 genes shown the replication efficiency in the human host. The evolution of the nucleotide sequence of HIV-1 contributes the replication capacity, evolvability, and pathogenesis in the human host. Using the synonymous codon pairs, the codons of the HIV-1 genes could be optimized and deoptimized for the expression study of the specific gene in the human host. Changes in the codon pair bias of the gene of HIV-1 effects the virus replication in cell culture. Synonymous nucleotides of the HIV-1 genome impact the life cycle within the human host. The new therapeutic target could possible to develop through recoding the synonymous codons of the HIV-1. The relative synonymous codon usage pattern (RSCU) of the HIV-1 genome reflects the genetic variation among various subtypes and the useful bioinformatics approach with phylogenetic methods predicting the evolutionary patterns of pandemic viruses. Codon usage bias study of the HIV-1 reveals codon frequencies of the isolates from antiretroviral therapy experienced persons as well as treatment naive individuals.

We report here a novel technique for improving the system sum-rate of a Massive MIMO system. We consider semi-orthogonality between the selected users and also fairness in selection. For a uniform distribution of N users with single transmit and receive antenna in a circular service area of the base station (BS) with M antennas, the users are divided into groups. The service area is divided into clusters using the K-means clustering algorithm, and further divided into the equal area by circular sheets. A fixed number of users Q are selected from each cluster which is divided into sheets using two schemes. In scheme A we select an unequal number of users from each sheet under each cluster of Q users, and in scheme B we consider an equal number of users. Considering highly scattering Rayleigh fading channel for small scale fading, and also large scale fading for different distances of users from the BS, we calculate the system sum-rate of the Massive MIMO system.