Dam construction is not only fulfilling the socio-economic necessities of human beings, it also has great impact on surrounding ecosystem. Present study was conducted to analyze the Land Use/Land Cover change around Mangla dam which is unprotected wetland. Land Use/Land Cover Change was analyzed by using Landsat satellite imagery of three years. Supervised classification method was applied in ERDAS Imagine and four major classes were delineated i.e. Water body, Built-up area, Vegetation and Barren area. Maps of change detection in different classes were built by using ArcGIS 10.2. Results of LU/LC change revealed significant increase in Built-up area, while reduction in Water body, Vegetation and Barren area was observed from 1992 to 2013. Greater transformation was recorded in Built-up area class from Vegetation and Barren area classes. This expansion posed threat to biodiversity and water bodies. This study through LULC change analysis can be used in biodiversity conservation and will be helpful in decision making for further land development and dam extension project

The inherent impact due to internal radiation exposure of human through ingestion of food has recently become worrisome to scientists all over the world. The higher natural radioactivity levels in the earth\'s crust are associated with granitic rock and the lower levels associated with sedimentary rocks have been reported. Data are sparse on radioactivity levels in the environments underlain by sedimentary rocks. Ayetoro is situated on sedimentary sequence rocks comprise of Abeokuta Formation. The radioactivity levels of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in the maize and cassava food crops, farm soil samples beneath the food crops were measured, the soil-to-food crop transfer factors were determined, and the effective dose rates due to ingestion of food crops and the outdoor effective dose rates due to farm soils were evaluated. The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in maize were 160.3±66.5Bqkg-1, 18.1±7.1Bqkg-1 and 15.0±8.0Bqkg-1respectively. The farm soils underneath the maize food crop exhibited mean activity concentration of 671.5±352.9Bqkg-1, 66.8±25.3Bqkg-1and 62.1±27.9Bqkg-1for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th respectively. The mean activity concentrations in cassava were 294.6±137.2 Bqkg-1, 28.6±14.9 Bqkg-1and 18.2±13.0Bqkg-1for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th respectively, and the farm soils underneath the cassava food crop were 679.5±281.1 Bqkg-1, 66.8±32.7Bqkg-1and 49.7±46.9 Bqkg-1 for40K, 226Ra and 232Th respectively. The mean annual effective doses due to ingestion of maize and cassava were (108.±41.7) µSv and (843.0±322.0) µSv respectively. The outdoor effective doses due to the farm soil for maize and cassava were (0.11±0.032) mSv and (0.11±0.31) mSv respectively. The mean percentage of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th transferred to maize were 25%, 27% and 25%, while the transfers to cassava were 43%, 42% and 37% respectively. The annual outdoor effective dose was below the ICRP recommended limit of 1mSv and the transfer factors were comparable to other studies.

Images of patients requires privacy and as well as integrity. Security is an evolving phenomenon and no single technique is sufficient enough to provide the required level of security in the internet environment of the public domain [1][2].In this noble technique the secret information like serial number or user specific licenses are embedded first in the watermark logo itself which is an important factor for establishment of the owner’s right at later stage. Then the watermark logo is embedded in the host image by encryption and digital watermarking techniques together to achieve better security [3] [4]. In this technique watermark logo is encrypted, then the encrypted watermark logo is embedded in to the host image using DWT and SVD based techniques. The watermarked image is finally encrypted using key hashed based encryption techniques before distribution in the public domain [5]. This new mechanism will prevent MIM (man in the middle) attack by intercepting the watermarked image by the malicious attacker who may try to remove the watermark and use it for malicious purposes. This noble technique makes the watermarked image in the human unreadable format and the user specific watermark logo is encrypted and permanently tagged with the host image through watermarking for authentication purpose. The experimental results demonstrate the high robustness of the proposed algorithm to various image processing attacks like noise additions, geometric rotations, cropping etc.

Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in most tropical countries, including India. Objective: To study the knowledge regarding malaria and the preventive measures practiced by the rural population attending a hospital. Setting: The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra State. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study concerning knowledge, attitude, and practice of malaria prevention over a period of 6month. Study population: The population in this study were residents of Wardha District, Maharashtra State, India, who were living there for at least one year. Four hundred adults were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitude and practices about malaria. Results: Four hundred respondents were successfully interviewed. Most (89%) of the respondents knew the causes of occurrence of malaria. Majority (60.75%) respondents knew about human to human spread occurs in malaria and 53.75% respondents knew that it’s mainly transmitted by mosquito bites. Regarding symptoms of malaria, fever was the most consistent response (78.5%) followed by chills and shivering (49.5%). The knowledge of common breeding place for mosquitoes recognized was stagnant water by 56.75% respondents). Respondents attitude towards malaria seriousness, prevention and need for hospitalization and treatment for malaria was positive. Mostly 94.25% respondents strongly agreed that malaria is a serious illness. For prevention, 41.25% respondents were used mosquito mats/coils/liquid vaporizer, 31.5% used to clean the house and 19% used mosquito spray. Most of the respondent ( 57.75%) came to know about malaria through television. Conclusion: Knowledge about malaria is inadequate in persons residing in rural areas and proper health education is required for successful control of malaria.

: Dynamic programming can be optimized for task scheduling in parallel multiple sequence alignment (MSA). The increased importance of simultaneous comparison of multiple sequences needs the utilization of parallel processor system. This article proposes a new dynamic algorithm for parallel MSA task scheduling. Multiple alignment of protein three dimensional structures is computationally complex than word based MSA. Parallel processor system is more efficient in multiple protein structure comparison. If a problem (task scheduling) has multiple solutions (options) then Dynamic programming optimization can be applied. In cases of MSA a task is represented by an individual pairwise sequence alignment (PSA). Application of Greedy strategy improves the efficiency of proposed dynamic algorithm. Greedy approach increases the efficiency of algorithm by decreasing the search space. Greedy strategy in combination with other algorithm makes a shortlist of potential candidate solutions and hence reduces the computational burden.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of contraceptive methods in Kermanshah province during 2009 and 2010. This study is cross-sectional and quantitatively. Data from the health departments of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook of the University for the entire province was classified within two years of raising. Data were analyzed using Excel software.The results show that in 2009, 19.2% of permanent contraception, vasectomy and tubectomy have used as this value in 2010 we 12.6, that downward trend has been. In 2009, 33.46% of temporary contraception have used and this rate in 2010, 32.6 per cent. That has changed little.Given that this rate has decreased from 2009 to 2010 rate 6.6 percent, but still higher than standard and planning to reduce the rate necessary. Furthermore, notice the families of permanent contraceptive methods, temporary procedure is essential to This has led to a training.

The purpose of this study is an attempt to make an improvement in ego states through Transactional Analysis Group Counselling (T.A.G.C) among Iranian couples residing in Malaysia. This study is a quasi-experiment of T.A.G.C session using data collection.There were two experimental groups with 12 members (6 couples) in each. There were five dimensions in T.A.G.C Ego state namely Control parent, Nurturing parent, Free child, Adapted child and Adult.The obtained data were analysed using the paired sample Wilcoxon test for comparing the means between dimensions representing ego state before and after the intervention and data were based on transactional analysis ego state scale as well. The findings of the study showed mean differences in ego states after Iranian couples experienced TAGC intervention.