Leishmaniasis is a huge burden and prompts health issue especially in the developing countries. The incidence of this disease is more prevalent in poorest countries, where less attention was given to this hazardous bug. This study was conducted at Civil Hospital Jamrud Khyber Agency, whereas a total of 435 outdoor patients were referred to microbiology laboratory. Among the tested samples, 378 (87%) were confirmed as anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Prevalence of leishmaniasis in different regions were, 90%, 79.45%, 58.3% and 66.6% reported from Jamrud, Bara, Landikotal and Peshawar respectively. The most susceptible age group was 4 year, where 91% prevalence was observed. While least prevalence, 44% was found at the age group of ≥50 years. The lesions were frequently observed on exposed part of the body like, face, upper extremities, lower extremities, and neck/chest. The number of lesions were mostly single in (346) cases, but (32) cases presented with multiple lesions. The prevalence was more common in local Pakistani population was 74% followed by Afghan refugees 12.4% and nomadic families 0.5%. It was also observed that prevalence was higher in males (47.8%) than females (39.08%).

Rashid al-Ghannoushi, a thinker, reformer, leader and founder of the al-Nahdah political party in Tunisia, is undoubtedly one of the fore runners of the contemporary Islamic resurgence. His brave and pioneering contribution in arousing Islamic consciousness and political awareness concerning the dangerous and evil repercussions of the authoritarian regime of Zainal Abidin Bin Ali in Tunisia. This article explores his life and thought with a special focus on his approach to democracy and its compatibility with Islam, public and civil liberties, political rights of non-Muslim citizens in an Islamic state and the concept of political legitimacy in Islamic political thought.

Nowadays, electric train network have been developed and widely used in countries. As the primary reasons for replacement of electric trains instead of diesel is reduction in use of the fuel and increased interest in application of green technology, decrease the operating costs, morefurther speed and etc. Obtaining the faster response to input with regard to sensitive devices is a critical need in many industrial plants. Regulator can be used in some sensitive systems such as robots, radars, and electric train network, which needs fast response in them. In past, proportional integral-derivative control methods were used. Creation of electric train networks requires producing a constant electrical for use in movement and brake of train system. Using the electric grid to feed electric locomotive is one of the infrastructure needs for electrification railway lines. In this report, the author will demonstrate the application fuzzy logic for an automatic voltage regulator. A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. This approach has fast response and focuses on the fuzzy rule base construction using the error (e) and its change (Δe). The different model is simulated using prediction controller for comparison and validation purpose. The simulation results obtained is done to prove that the suitability of the proposed method.

It is well known that undesirable transient responses and tracking performances have been frequently observed in Application to an aircraji model (AIRC) problems, especially for multivariable plants with unmodeled dynamics and output disturbances. In this paper, a new robust model reference adaptive control using variable structure design (VSD) is proposed to investigate the solution. This paper exhibits a comparative assessment based on time response specification performance between H∞ and Model predictive control (MPC) for AIRC. It starts with a derivation of suitable mathematical model to describe the dynamics of an aircraft. For get close to actual conditions,the white noise disturbance applied to the system. The performances of pitch control systems are investigated and analyzed based on common criteria of step’s response in order to identify which control strategy delivers better performance with respect to the desired pitch angle. Finally, the visual-tracking problem for the case of maneuvering target is addressed. The environment of maneuvering tracking for the visual information processing is complex often, there is much non-linear motion. The particle filter is applied for this problem. To predict the probably position of the visual-object at the next time by used this method.

Neuraminidase (NA) plays an important role in replication and the release of a new avian influenza virion. In consequence, NA has been considered as a valid target in drug design against influenza virus. The aim of this study was to identify the new neuraminidase inhibitors using molecular docking simulation based on virtual screening from natural products compounds. The X-ray crystal structure of neuraminidase type N1 (PDB id: 3B7E) and N1 mutant (PDB id: 3NNS) using Autodock 4.2 program. Zanamivir was used as the control ligand and docked against neuraminidase type N1, further plotted between log IC50 value experiments of sialic acid derivatives compound versus log of Ki value of molecular docking. Molecular docking simulation was performed on 113 herb compounds along with zanamivir and oseltamivir as the control ligands. The result showed that the best interaction against of neuraminidase N1 and N1 mutant from herbs compound is katsumadain-A with free energy value -7,54 kcal/mol and -7,46 kkal/mol, respectively. Katsumadain-Aformed hydrogen bond with amino acid residue Arg118 and Arg371 on neuraminidase and neuraminidase N1 mutant Katsumadain-A was also connected with Arg118 through hydrogen binding interaction. This in silico results also was proved by in vitro MUNANA assay.

At present era, it is an aknowledged fact that Information Communication Technology (ICT) is the only valuable source of power and attraction behind any kind of knowledge driven economy around the world. In order to professionally implement Information Communication Technology in various fields in society, there is a dire indispensable need for the accessibility of proper, well arranged, well equipped computer labs, well trained and committed Information Communication Technology expert employees in the various fields across the board. The aim of the present study is to look into the Information Communication Technology usage and acceptability at secondary schools in Punjab Province. The participants were the secondary school teachers as well as students from the districts of Vehari and Muzzafar Garh. The sample of study was comprised 20 lab in-charge and 200 secondary school students. There are many drawbacks and flaws in implementing the Information Communication Technology program. There are number of other factors that are the great obstacles like power- failure in the way of achieving goals.