ABSTRACT\n\n. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, and GERD is defined as symptoms or complications of GER. \nThe most common extraoral manifestation of GERD is tooth surface loss, a progressive, irreversible loss of dental hard tissues due to a chemical process not involving bacteria. Dentists are often the first health care personnel to diagnose dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)\n Permanent incisors and first permanent molars of 210 patients having age 06 years and above were examined. Patients were asked to fill the questionnaire containing questions about previous history of gatroesophageal reflex disease. Community periodontal index & treatment need (CPITN) probe was run over labial, occlusal and lingual surfaces of incisors & molars, to check for loss of enamel surface. Out of 210 patients examined, 39 were (18.57%) having GERD. Out of 39 patients only 1(2.56%) patient has less than one third of the enamel surface involved. 13(33.3%) patients have teeth between one third and two third of the surface involved. 14(35.9%) patients have more than two third surface involved and in 6(15.4%) patients, assessment was not possible.\nGatroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) is an increasingly common and potentially serious condition, with various extraesophageal adverse health effects that dental practitioners should be aware of. Clinicians should also be aware of the predisposing risk factors for GERD and its classical esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms and signs. \nThis study declared the GERD patients are at higher risk of developing dental erosion compared to the healthy individuals in a sample of Pakistani population.

MANETs are spreading day by day and various applications need QoS provisioning in MANETs. QoS provisioning is a challenge to achieve because of mobility of nodes and the varying channel conditions in MANETs. In order to address this challenge, routing protocols are designed to support data services in MANETs. But as time passes, the routing protocols did not fulfil the requirements of the real time applications. Multimedia applications need the guarantee of more than one QoS metric such as throughput, bounded average end-to-end delay, jitter etc. In this paper, we are considering two QoS metrics i.e. throughput and bounded end-to-end delay, although framework of our protocol can easily be extended to assure third QoS metrics i.e. jitter. Our protocol assures these two QoS metrics by selecting the route on the basis of data session requirements of throughput and end-to-end delay. The protocol is tested and compared with other state of the art protocols.

Objective\nTo determine the normative values for macular thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT 3) in healthy Nepalese subjects.\nMethods\nMacula of Forty-seven eyes from 47 healthy randomly selected subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including OCT. Retinal thickness was automatically calculated by OCT mapping software. OCT parameters of macular thickness were analyzed with baseline variables including age, gender, axial length and refractive error Measurements were displayed as the mean and standard deviation for each of the 9 regions defined in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study.\nResults\nFoveal thickness (mean thickness in the central 1000-μm diameter area) on the OCT3 were 210 ± 23. Macular thickness measurements were thinnest at the center of the fovea, thickest within 3-mm diameter of the center, and diminished toward the periphery of the macula. The temporal quadrant was thinner than the nasal quadrant. \nConclusions\nMean foveal thickness measurements were 34 to 59 μm thicker than previously reported values, This discrepancy should be considered when interpreting OCT scans.

The article aims to analyze the personality traits between the winning participants and the non-winning participants from the National Skills Competition under different vocational categories. Personality traits are a microscope into a person’s mind and emotion. A Personality Decision Tree Model (PDTM) was proposed in this study which defines personality traits, questionnaire survey, data processing, statistical analysis and the data processing procedure of decision tree. The idea of the entire model was based on data mining on personality traits. In conclusion, the study was intended to provide a data mining model for the integration of personality trait analysis and decision tree, then find out the personality traits of the previous award winners and predicting suitable students to participate in the National Skills Competition. PDTM can be used for systematic analysis of personality traits and in other relevant studies.

In recent time, scholars, educationists, parents, journalists, educational researchers and principals at schools across Canada and internationally have started paying attention on bullying, homophobia and homosexuality. Ten years ago, these issues were completely neglected in Newfoundland schools or tended to be absent from public discussion at Newfoundland schools. As a result, safe school policies and anti-bullying programs have been proliferated now-a-days at Newfoundland schools. Now this article will explore the politics of bullying and incidents of homophobia and homosexuality at Newfoundland schools. Also, the author is challenging educational leaders to initiate and support measures to confront homophobic violence, bullying and homosexuality, even against certain opposition in order to implement safe school policies for all students at different grades in Newfoundland and across Canada.

Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) are designed specifically to monitor human physiological parameters. The applications of BSN in healthcare domain have produced significant research interests in BSN lately. BSN has its specific design and operational challenges. The important design parameters for BSN are security, reliability, energy consumption and network performance. In this paper, a Dynamic Multihop and Relay Selection (DMRS) Protocol that addresses real world challenges in continuously monitoring ECG signals of multiple patients based on their priorities and providing reliable communication compared to the existing systems is proposed. DMRS secures the patient’s data by encrypting it before transmission and provides continuous monitoring by deploying relays. It also conserves energy by identifying the patient’s activity level. Using the patient’s activity level, the sensor dynamically manages its activities such as sampling of the ECG sensor, processing of the data, and transmission of the data wirelessly to reduce the overall power consumption. Additional energy efficiency is achieved by assigning priorities to the devices connected in the network and turning them on and off periodically based on their priorities. The uninterrupted monitoring of the ECG signals with improvement in coverage and the PDR is achieved by using relays for multi-hop communication