The present study was designed to study the effect of light intensity, mineral fertilizer rates of NPK (19:19:19) at 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g / pot and their combined effect on growth of Yucca rupicola, L. plants. The experiment was carried out during two successive seasons2012/2013 and 2013/2014) at Agriculture Research Station, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddh, Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that planting Yucca rupicola,L. under shading condition with light intensity of 550-600 lux significantly reduced vegetative growth with little effect for fertilizer rates on vegetative growth and chemical composition of leaves and rhizomes. On the other hand, planting Yucca rupicola L. under full sun light condition (open field) with applying 4 g/ pot mineral NPK monthly during the growing season, improved vegetative growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number/plant, leaf length and width, total leaf fresh and dry weights / plant ) Moreover, applying the above mentioned treatment gave the highest significant values of leaf N content and leaf total chlorophyll content.In general, full sun light condition and fertilizing the plants with 4 g / pot mineral N,P and K (19:19:19) monthly during the growing season is the best treatment for growth and flowering of Yucca rupicola L. plants.

Due to its simplicity, low voltage stress, high reliability, low switch and inductor losses, and small inductor size, the non-inverting Buck-Boost chopper has attracted a lot of attentions in applications where it is necessary to step-up or step-down the DC voltage. In this paper, a hybrid model of the non-inverting Buck-Boost DC-DC converter in PWA (piecewise affine) modeling frameworks is proposed. Then an eMPC (explicit model predictive controller) is designed based on the PWA model, and lastly, its performance is compared to that of PID-PSO controller. Designing such controllers and analyzing the performance of the system based on the non-linear model are very difficult. Thus we used the PWA as an alternative solution. The proposed hybrid model is piecewise affine, which allows using the classical control theory in order to analyze stability and performance of the closed loop control system. Extensive simulations show the superiority of the PWA in predicting the system behavior and also depict the ability of the eMPC in providing a fast, accurate and smooth response.

The purpose of this study were to examine the effects of using levels different discarded dates on microbial protein synthesis of kermani sheeps. Four rumen-cannulated kermani sheeps were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment within 21 days period. In this experiment, different amount of discarded dates including 0(control), 10, 20 and 30 % were used. Microbial protein synthesis, blood urea nitrogen and body weight change of sheeps were evaluated. The results of this experiment showed that the increasing levels of discarded dates in diets of sheep increased microbial protein synthesis and reduse nitrogen excretion through urine compared with the control treatment (P<0/05). Body weight change was highest in sheeps fed 30% discarded dates and lowest in sheeps fed the control diet. Urea blood was affected by using different levels of discarded dates in the diets (P<0/05). These results indicate that discarded dates increased microbial protein synthesis in the rumen sheeps. Moreover, inclusion of 30% discarded dates as an alternative feed in sheeps diets can reduce production costs and environmental N pollution.

In today’s world of high-speed & advanced networking the Software Defined networking needs a security mechanism to protect the controller from being attacked by several threats and vulnerabilities. The emerging concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted considerable interest of researchers.In this research paper an investigation of available security mechanisms has been thoroughly done and a new approach for securing the controller of SD Network has been proposed. The related research, that is centered around network management with Open Flow is also explored.

A wireless sensor network consists of a large number\nof sensor nodes which are deployed over an area to perform local\ncomputations based on information gathered from the\nsurroundings. Each node in the network is equipped with a\nbattery that one of the most challenges in these types of networks\nis Energy limitation which has direct influence on sensor network\nlifetime. multicast routing in wireless sensor networks is a way\nfor data delivery to several destination s. In this paper we are\nintended to present a multicast routing algorithm in wireless\nsensor networks, and we make virtual backbone out of Minimum\nSteiner Connected Dominating Set (MSCDS). This virtual\nbackbone is initiated according to Energy level, Neighboring, and\ndistance from Sink node. So, to this end we use an algorithm\nbased on learning automata named MQMSCDS-LA deal with the\nmulticast routing problem. Finally, we simulate proposed method\nby ns2 simulator. Thus the results show high performance of the\nproposed algorithm.

This study was undertaken to determine the suitability of vegetable oil blends as a major source of lipid in place of fish oil in the diet of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings. The fish were fed one of the six diets twice daily to satiation for twelve weeks. The test diets were identical in composition, except for the source of supplemental lipid which was either fish oil (FO), palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO), equal blend of FO and PO (FOPO), equal blend of PO and SO (POSO) or equal blend of FO, PO and SO (FOPOSO). The growth parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) among dietary treatments. However, the apparent digestibilities were not significantly different (P>0.05). Malic enzyme activities in the liver were not significantly different among dietary groups. However, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly different and over six-fold higher malic enzyme. Results indicated that FO may be replaced with either PO, SO and their blends in H. longifilis.