Iron price forecasting, has attracted much attention of academic researchers and business practitioners. Various methods have been tried to solve the problem of forecasting iron prices. However, all of the existing models of prediction can not meet practical needs\nIn this paper, a novel hybrid intelligent framework is developed by applying a systematic integration of GMDH neural networks with GA and Rule-based Exert System (RES) with Web-based Text Mining (WTM) employs for iron price forecasting. Our research reveals that by employing hybrid intelligent framework for iron price forecasting, there is better forecasting results respect to the GMDH neural networks.

The emerging stock market in Viet Nam has been developed since 2006 and affected by the financial crisis 2007-2009. This study analyzes the impacts of tax policy on market risk for the listed firms in the wholesale and retail industry as it becomes necessary. \nFirst, by using quantitative and analytical methods to estimate asset and equity beta of total 9 listed companies in Viet Nam wholesale and retail industry with a proper traditional model, we found out that the beta values, in general, for many institutions are acceptable.\nSecond, under 3 different scenarios of changing tax rates (20%, 25% and 28%), we recognized that there is not large disperse in equity beta values, estimated at 0,603, 0,609 and 0,613.\nThird, by changing tax rates in 3 scenarios (25%, 20% and 28%), we recognized both equity and asset beta mean values have positive relationship with the increasing levels of tax rate.\nFinally, this paper provides some outcomes that could provide companies and government more evidence in establishing their policies in governance.

In this paper we introduce some systems of difference equations. We obtain the general form of the system. We study the limit properties of the sequence upon this knowledge.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contribute to the formation of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and photochemical smog, and have potential adverse effects on human health. A quantifiable assessment of the contributions from different sources to ambient VOC levels can be acquired by applying receptor models. A multivariate receptor model (Unmix) was used for the determination of the contributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sources in Mashhad. Concentrations of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed from December 2013 to March 2014 at the center of the city in the Mashhad area. A high correlation coefficient existed between measured and predicted values (R2= 0.96), indicating that the data were well modeled. Four possible VOCs source categories were identified, and mobile sources such as vehicle exhaust (59%) and fuel evaporation (17%) more than half of the total VOC concentration. City gas and CNG sources and biogenic source classifications accounted for 21% and 3% of the total VOC, respectively. The source apportionment results revealed a strong effect of anthropogenic VOCs to the atmosphere of Mashhad.

The aim of this study is to investigate the consumer\'s attitude toward green marketing and its effect on green purchase decision of sport equipments consumers. For this purpose, a sample of 384 samples has been selected using stratified random method from physical education university students of Islamic Azad University of Hamedan in all degrees (associate degree, bachelor\'s, and master\'s). By studying the theoretical basis of green marketing mix and green purchase decision, the conceptual model and questionnaire have been designed and developed and data has been collected. Finally, regression results on consumer purchasing behavior have been used to examine the hypotheses. Findings imply that aspects green marketing have significant and positive influence on consumer\'s green purchase decision.

Working single mothers face various challenges in managing family, and handling earning activities. Despite the numerous financial assistance schemes, and numerous campaigns to encourage single mothers to participate in assistance programmes provided by government agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), less than eight percent of single mothers in Malaysia receive the financial support and other assistances. Little effort has been made to understand this scenario, hence merits a research to study the reasons behind this phenomenon. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study conducted on single mothers in Kuala Lumpur to gather views on the challenges they face; and the reasons for their non-participation in financial assistance programme. It was found that they face challenges that make them eligible for financial assistance programmes, which include include: financial constraints; time constraints; lack of knowledge and skills; social stigma; and lack of childcare facilities as well as strict working hours. It was found that the single mothers did not take the assistance provided to them because of their negative personal experiences; and negative perceptions with the assistance-providing agencies. This paper provides some recommendations to relevant authorities and agencies on the efforts to boost the images of the assistance-providing agencies; to increase the awareness and level of trust of the public on the assistance providers