The purpose of the manuscript is to develop a conceptual framework for relation between peace and security and their effects on accelerating sustainable development cycle and also indicates impacts of corporate governance mechanisms on sustainable development cycle. The researcher attempts to answer the following key research question:\nHow do corporate governance mechanisms affect peace, security and accelerating sustainable development cycle? The proposed Conceptual Model provides a framework to guide policy makers for optimal decisions that can improve process of sustinable development in countries. By identifying the most important peace and security attributes and linking them to corporate governance mechanisms, this manuscript attempts to fill a research gap by building a conceptual framework. The framework may be useful for all practitioners and managers that they are development planers.
Odour pollution from livestock farm is the type of pollution that can adversely affect the surrounding community, particularly the sensitive receivers. The source of the odour may come from various sources such as poultry, goat, cattle, buffalo, pig and bird farms. The impact of the odour not only limited to the physical environment but also on human environment. Sensitive receivers around the sources of the odour are exposed to disturbances such as physiological psychological health issues. This paper presents a study on the perception of the sensitive receivers towards the odour pollution from the nearby livestock farms. A purposive survey was conducted on 104 respondents living around three livestock farms for poultry, goat and cattle. The respondents were selected based on the distance of their homes from the location of the livestock farms within a radius of 200 meters. Results indicated that there was a variance in the perception of the respondents in response to each type of livestock farms. The spread of odour was found to be high from the poultry and cattle farms in the morning. While odour from the goat farms had its peak hours at night. More than half of the respondents indicated that other meteorological factors such as rain and strong wind also contributed to the distribution of the odour. The common health, psychological and physiological issues faced by the sensitive receivers were headaches, discomfort and reduction of outdoor activities. In summation, the results indicated that 2/3 percent of the sensitive receivers regularly experienced odour pollution from each type of the livestock farms
Income generation activities have been acquainted among public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. Various factors that brought to insufficient of funding caused Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to seek for additional income as to support the operation expenses. Financial sustainability issues made up the significant impact towards HEIs. Through the different instruments adopted by HEI, perhaps academic staffs are one of the parties that in charge of the income generation at universities. This research employed qualitative method by conducting interviews as a medium to provide insights to researcher. Then, the interviews data are analysed using the Interactive Model. The results pointed out that the main income generation activities originated from the research and consultancy whilst commercialization contributed the most significant income towards university. As a conclusion, the income which generated by the academic staffs is at upmost important to the development and sustainability of a university. Perhaps this research is significant to those who are concerning on the issues of income generating activities arisen among academic staffs. Through the results gained, certain parties may get known to the root of problems and then, solve it. It will eventually help the university to get a better way in order to attain the optimal results in income generation.