The purpose of this work is to monitor the seasonal activity of mealybug and the potential impacts of climatic conditions and plant ages on the insect population infesting maize plants at Esna district, Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during two seasons (2021 and 2022). Results showed that P. solenopsis attacked maize plants from the third week of June till crop harvest in all studied seasons, with three peaks of seasonal activity per season reported in the third/fourth week of July, the second week of August, and the first week of June. Likewise, there were three peaks in the percentages of infestation per season. The combined impacts of climatic conditions and plant ages have a substantial relationship with P. solenopsis population estimates, with an explained variance of 93.18 and 93.86 % in the two seasons, respectively. Furthermore, their effects explain differences in infestation percentages of 93.30 and 95.54% over the two seasons, respectively. Plant age was the most efficient factor in determining changes in the population densities of P. solenopsis over each season. However, the daily mean minimum temperature during the first season and the daily mean dew point for the second season were the major factors impacting the variations in infestation percentages. During both seasons, however, the daily mean maximum temperature was the least effective variable in population and infestation fluctuations. This research paves the way for monitoring, and early detection of mealybug on maize.

In this research, the relationships between corporate governance, systematic risk and firm’s performance in Tehran Stock Exchange are investigated. Research data for 2004 to 2012 is compiled using RahavardNowin software and TSE database. Systematic risk is calculated through beta factor of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Corporate governance proxies in this study are board’s member number, outside board of director, board’s duality, audit quality and institutional ownership. In addition, four measures of Tobin’s Q, equity price to cash flow, equity price to revenue and equity price to sale are used to measure firm’s performance. Fife control variables of financial leverage, firm’s size, profitability and firm’s life cycle are considered in this research. The results of hypotheses test indicate that there is not a significant relationship between corporate governance and systematic risk and also between systematic risk and firm’s performance.

Purpose: The study present was designed to investigate the difference in the role ambiguity experienced and less experienced players in the football premier league first semi-season done. \nDesign: Using descriptive- comparative study of three teams (72 players), the teams in the League, season 92-93, were available which were ready to cooperate with the researcher and they were selected as the sample. Role ambiguity players were examined using Beauchamp and colleagues Role Ambiguity Scale. Also, Whitney U man test was used for statistical analysis. \nFindings: Overall, the results suggest that role ambiguity experienced and less experienced players in the football league first semi-season significantly different. The results showed that the role ambiguity, there is a duties and responsibilities more offensive than defensive responsibilities.\nValue: Overall, we can conclude If any of the players on the team have a thorough understanding of their role and are familiar with their duties and each team, be optimistic about teamwork, discipline and consistency is even greater.

In this short note we introduced a general type of function that its diravative function not exists.

The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the efficacy of florfenicol (FFC) in the treatment of caprine pasteurellosis (CP) in goats of different age and sex. Forty Saanen goats of both sexes, aged 2 months to 2 years, with natural infection by Pasteurella multocida in the Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey were used in this study. Prior to the study, animals were randomly divided into two groups: 30 animals assigned to the FFC group were injected intramuscularly with FFC, two doses of 20 mg/kg body weight at a 48-h interval. The remaining ten animals, not medicated with any antibiotic, served as a control group (C). All animals assessed at baseline and on days 1 (first day of study), 3 (third day of study), 7 and 10. FFC-treated goats showed a significant clinical improvement when compared to controls (P < 0.05). All the animals in C which still showed signs of CP were crossed over to FFC treatment at the end of the study.

Pesticide use in agriculture increased measurably in the twenty first century. Adverse environmental effects of organophosphates are noticeable because most farm lands serve as micro and macro habitat for biodiversity. Dichlorvos constitutes more than 50% of all registered insecticide use for the control of pests in southwest Nigeria. The biology of the African giant rat enables its adaptation in the savanna and rain forest of West Africa. This study evaluated effects of repeated diclorvos toxicity and the ameliorative potential of moringa by monitoring the ensuing changes weekly for four weeks in African Giant Rats (AGRs). \nTwelve adult AGRs were randomly divided in to three groups of 4 rats each. Group A was exposed to 150 mg/kg body weight of dichlorvos and moringa, B to 150mg/kg of dichlorvos only, and C served as control. The pesticide exposure was through oral ingestion and ad libitum in the feed for two weeks while moringa was given for another two weeks in group B.\nHematological (erythrocyte and leucocyte), acetylcholinestarase (AchE), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase), oxidative stress (malonylaldehyde) parameters and tissue changes were evaluated in all the animals using microhematocrit, cyanmethemoglobin and hemocytometric methods (hematology), butyrylcholinesterase assay (AchE), colorimetric methods (antioxidants), thiobarbituric acid reactions (MDA) and light microscopy for Hemtoxylin-eosin stained tissues from the liver, brain and kidney.\nThere was significant loss of weight. Lymphocyte counts and MDA increased significantly after one week. Weight, AchE, SOD and catalase levels further reduced after three weeks (p<0.05). The liver and kidney showed severe vacuolar changes and necrosis of parenchyma cells after two weeks of dichlorvos exposure. The brain lesions were of focal neuronal necrosis, demyelination and moderate astrogliosis. Post treatment with moringa increased antioxidant levels significantly after two weeks.\nThese findings suggest accentuated toxicity of dichlorvos with duration of exposure, increased ecotoxicological risk, and wildlife morbidity

Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a program that is used to minimize hardware components in terms of software control. It is a feasible solution for RF signal, which can perform different functions at different times on the same hardware. In this paper, Software defined simulation has been employed to obtain Bit Error Rate (BER) for of various modulations (PSK, QAM and PSAM) in flat Rayleigh fading with imperfect channel estimates. Despite the high spectral efficiency of M-QAM is not commonly used over fading channels because of the channel amplitude and phase variation. Since the decision regions of the demodulator depend on the channel fading, estimation error of the channel variation can severely degrade the demodulator performance. Among the various fading estimation techniques, pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) proves to be an effective choice. BER has been calculated as a function of sample size (length of signal) taking average of twenty individual decibels. Effect of sample size on the simulation result has been investigated for three different modulations sachems. We compute the BER for RF input signal and verify our analytical results by computer simulation. We show that for these modulations, amplitude estimation error leads to 1-dB degradation in average signal-to-noise ratio and combined amplitude-phase estimation error leads to 3.5-dB degradation for the parameters we consider